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How Do We Taste? | The Science Behind Taste Buds and Flavor? |


 


       Taste begins with taste buds which live on small bumps on your tongue called papill each papilla contains clusters of taste buds but taste buds don't just hang out on your your tongue you can also find them in other parts of your mouth like the roof of your mouth and even your throat each taste bud holds up to 50 to 100 taste receptor cells these cells have Micro tiny hair like projection that stick up into a small pit called The Taste po when food touches your tongue it dissolves in saliva and the molecules bind to receptors on the microvet this is the first step in tasting inside each taste bud different receptor cells specialize in detecting one of the five basic tastes sweet salty sour bitter and Umami a Savory flavor found in foods like cheese and mushrooms although each receptor cell is tuned to just one taste a single taste bud contains a variety of these cells so a single taste bud can detect multiple flavors at once I'm sure you might have seen pictures of the so-called tongue map that shows different parts of the tongue responsible for specific taste in reality all parts of your tongue can detect all five days though some areas are a bit more sensitive to certain flavors for instance the tip of your tongue is usually more responsive to Sweet flavors while the sides catch sness and the back often detects bitterness which helps you spit out something stale or toxic but overall the different regions of your tongue work together to give you a complete flavor experience now when a taste molecule binds to its specific receptor it triggers a process called depolarization simply speaking The Taste cell gets excited in some cases it also activates G protein signaling a special chain reaction that helps the cell send its message but in both cases these activated taste cells release neurotransmitters which generate electrical signals in the sensory nerve fibers located at the base of the taste bud from here the signals travel through nerves to the solitary nucleus in your brain stem then the signals take two main parts one leads to the thalamus which is like the brain's control center the thalamus sends the signal to the gustatory cortex where your brain recognizes the taste sweet salty sour Etc the other part goes to the hypothalamus and amigdala which handle automatic responses like salivating when you taste something delicious and gagging when you eat something bitter and unpleasant but here's something cool to consider your sense of smell plays a huge role in how you experience flavors that's why food tastes Bland when you have a cold as your nose can't detect the Aromas that add richness and subtle details to what your taste buds pick up so next time you bite into your favorite snack remember how your tongue brain and nose are all working together to make your eating experience as flavorful as possible trivia time did you know some people called super tasters have way more taste buds on their tongues than the average person yes this means they are super sensitive to Flavors especially bitter.



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